2015 No. 06-Application of Electronic Technique

Review and Comment

Overview of continuous-time ΔΣ modulator design

DOI：10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.2015.06.001

Author：Xu Wei1，Huang Letian2，Lv Lishan2，Li Qiang2

Author Affilications：1.Shanghai Huahong Grace Semiconductor Manufacturing Co.Ltd.，Shanghai 201203，China； 2.University of Electronic Science and Technology of China，Chengdu 610054，China

Abstract： ΔΣ modulators is an important type of data converters. They are applied widely, due to their high resolution and suitability of the advanced CMOS process. This paper presents different essentials for designing continuous time ΔΣ modulators and introduces the operating principles and architectures, circuit errors and models of continuous time ΔΣ modulators. This work also sums the development and the challenge of this ΔΣ modulators. It shows that the bandwidth and power efficient can be improved by using proper advanced process and new integrators.

Key word：
ΔΣ modulator

quantizer

VCO

bandwidth

power

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Development of prefetching

DOI：10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.2015.06.002

Author：Sui Ran1，Zhang Zheng2，Zhang Weihua3

Author Affilications：1.PLA Logistics Information Center，Beijing 100084，China； 2.State Key Laboratory of Mathematical Engineering and Advanced Computing，Zhengzhou 450001，China； 3.Parallel Processing Institute，Fudan University，Shanghai 200433，China

Abstract： Memory latency is one of the major factors that limit performance of modern processor. Prefetching is one efficient and widely used way to improve processor performance through fetching the data that properly used in the future to reduce memory latency. In this paper, we discuss different prefetching theme on dominant hardware platform, then analyze the deficiency of prefetching technology and look forward of proper development direction of it.

Key word：
prefetching

spatial locality

temporal locality

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Embedded Technology

Improvements on wear leveling of NAND Flash in the Yaffs2 file system

DOI：10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.2015.06.004

Author：Wen Chaojian，Yan Hua

Author Affilications：College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University，Chengdu 610065，China

Abstract： To solve the problem of Yaffs2 file system in wear leveling when NAND Flash is used as storage device,two key strategies are realized to implement the Yaffs2 file system. One is the use of block age parameter to improve the victim block selection mechanism,and the other is the valid data are divided into “hot” data and “cold” data,which are respectively written back to the block with minimum or maximum erase cycle. The Qemu software and embedded Linux are used as the simulation platform. The degree of wear leveling can be shown by three parameters,which are the total erase cycles of block,the maximum difference and the standard deviation of block erase cycles.The experiment results show that the degree of wear leveling in the new storage system is improved greatly.

Key word：
Yaffs2 file system

NAND Flash

garbage collection

cold and hot data

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Software design of vehicle intergrated display system based on DLP technologies

DOI：10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.2015.06.005

Author：Wang Qiong，Jiang Dong

Author Affilications：School of Computer and Information,Hefei University of Technology，Hefei 230009，China

Abstract： A design scheme of vehicle integration display system based on digital light procession(DLP) technologies is put forward. The embedded processor S5PV210 is used as the hardware control kernel.The DLP projector based on the DLPC300 DMD is used. On the development platform of Linux2.6.38 and QT4.6, software development is designed and implemented.Finally,the simulation experiment is carried out on the prototype, the experimental results show that the system can display vehicle informations graphically in real time, which has clear image collection，avoids the events of sight scattered and improves the driving safety and comfort.

Key word：
intergrated display terminal

digital light procession

embedded systems

graphical user interface

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An optimized low-power design method for mobile earth station based on GMR-1

DOI：10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.2015.06.007

Author：Xia Jun，Lin Yi，Duan Hongguang，Huang Junwei

Author Affilications：The Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunication，Chongqing 400065，China

Abstract： Typical types of MES based on geo-synchronous mobile satellite system includes vehicular, portable and hand-held terminals. More lower power consumption is focused on the design of hand-held MES because of limited battery life. According to the air interface of GMR-1, this paper presents a new approach to optimize system-level architecture and combine the different periodic tasks which wake MES based on GMR-1 specification for extending the time of standby. On the premise of performance guarantee, the typical standby power dissipation of baseband core is reduced 20.9% after the new method is applied.

Key word：
low-power

MES

GMR-1

mobile satellite communication system

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Design of DMD controlling system for compressed sensing

DOI：10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.2015.06.008

Author：Shi Jiugen，Tian Zhiqiang

Author Affilications：School of Computer and Information，Hefei University of Technology，Hefei 230009，China

Abstract： Being developed for video applications, the gray-scale controlling of digital micromirror device(DMD) based on digital light processing(DLP) is limited at a low level frequency approximately 60 to 120 Hz. While the Bernoulli matrix implemented with DMD, which serves as compressed sensing measurement matrix, is a 0-1 two-value matrix, there is no need to achieve gray-scale controlling, and it requires thousands of frames per second. To solve this problem, a DMD controlling system based on Xilinx Virtex-5 FPGA is designed. It consists of a random number generator, a DDR2 SDRAM controller and a DMD controller etc. The random numbers generated by the RNG are stored in the DDR2 SDRAM and then transferred to the DMD in a high speed. It is verified that this controlling system can achieve high speed two-value display. The frequency is up to 2 kHz.

Key word：
digital micromirror device

compressed sensing

measurement matrix

FPGA

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Satellite navigation signal transmission system design based on PCIe bus

DOI：10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.2015.06.006

Author：Cai Xiaohui1，Zheng Zhi2，Li Hao1

Author Affilications：1.Research Institute of Electronic Science and Technology，University of Electronic Science and Technology of China， Chengdu 611731，China； 2.Institute Communication and Information Engineering，University of Electronic Science and Technology of China， Chengdu 611731，Chin

Abstract： In order to meet the new requirements on the signal transmission system of satellite navigation software receiver, a data transmission system which is based on the PCIe is designed. The system uses Virtex-5 FPGA as the core control device.The satellite navigation data can be transmitted by the 4 channel PCIe interface in the way of DMA. This paper details the transmission system of AD module,DMA control module, interrupt module of the FPGA realization method. After testing and verification, the speed of system can be reached 800 MB/s in write and 650 MB/s in read. The design can satisfy the demands of the different levels of software receiver in the data transmission.

Key word：
satellite navigation

FPGA

PCIe

DMA

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The data of farmland acquisition and transmission based on Beidou satellite and ZigBee wireless

DOI：10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.2015.06.009

Author：Lu Xingsen，Chen Suting，Shi Jiachi

Author Affilications：School of Electronic and Information Engineering，Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology，Nanjing 210044，China

Abstract： Taking ZigBee wireless network as acquisition subsystem and Beidou short message communication as remote data transmission subsystem，a real-time data acquisition and transmission system of farmland is designed based on ZigBee and Beidou satellite. The Burrows-Wheeler Transform(BWT) algorithm，improved compression data type Run-Length Encoding(RLE) algorithm and the static Huffman code are used to improve the efficiency of communication. The system adopts the embedded Linux host computer display interface，which is simple and portable.

Key word：
ZigBee wireless network

Beidou satellite

data acquisition of farmland

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Design and implementation of AXI 4 bus timing based on FPGA

DOI：10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.2015.06.003

Author：Ma Fei，Liu Qi，Bao Bin

Author Affilications：Beijing Institute of Space Mechanics & Electricity，Beijing 100094，China

Abstract：To fulfill the needs for high speed data transfers between AXI 4 bus devices，a FPGA based timing control method of data writing and reading for AXI 4 bus is provided. Timing control modules of data writing and reading in burst are designed according to the AXI 4 bus protocol. Functions of the design are validated in high performance interfaces of embedded system in FPGA. The application shows that the design provided in this paper provides an accurate timing that meets the AXI 4 bus protocol. Data transports between AXI 4 bus devices correctly in the speed of 1.09 GB/s.

Key word：
AXI 4 bus

timing control

FPGA

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Microelectronic Technology

Design of arbitrary signal generator based on improved DDS algorithm

DOI：10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.2015.06.010

Author：Wei Heng，Wang Degong，Liu Yang，Zhu Min

Author Affilications：Department of Information Countermeasure，Aviation University of Air Force，Changchun 130022，China

Abstract： Aimming at the traditional direct digital frequency synthesis(DDS) algorithm problem of amplitude quantization error, this paper proposed a method to compress the ROM data using a mixed signal symmetry +Sunderland structure to increase the amount of ROM, and uses the improved phase jitter injection method to suppress the phase truncation error. The part of hardware, design of amplitude frequency correction circuit to modify the signal, ensured the stability of the output signal amplitude. The test results show that, the signal generator can output arbitrary waveform with high speed, stable, low attenuation, low spurious, frequency range of output signal is 1 MHz~30 MHz，the amplitude of peak 40 mV~6.7 V.

Key word：
direct digital synthesizer

arbitrary signal generator

stray analysis

delay jitter method

LC correction circuit

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Implementation of low-cost FIR digital filters based on extrapolated impulse response with residual compensation

DOI：10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.2015.06.011

Author：Ye Feng1，Xu Hong2，Huang Chaogeng3

Author Affilications：1.Hangzhou Nationalchip Science&Technology Co.Ltd.，Hangzhou 310012，China； 2.College of Information Engineering，Zhejiang University of Technology，Hangzhou 310023，China； 3.School of Information，Zhejiang University of Finance & Economics，Hangzhou 310018，China

Abstract：Filter impulse responses are quasi-periodic and filter coefficients can be approximated by extrapolation techniques. In this paper, a hardware technique for implementing FIR filters based on extrapolated impulse response is proposed to achieve low hardware cost on VLSI. Residual compensation can perfectly restore filter coefficients and the subexpression space technology can effectively reduce the number of adders in multiplierless FIR filters. The results of hardware synthesis show that the proposed method can efficiently save hardware resources consumption applicable to low-cost design of digital systems.

Key word：
FIR digital filter

extrapolated impulse response

subexpression sharing

ASIC

FPGA

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A high precision bandgap reference

DOI：10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.2015.06.012

Author：Dong Dawei

Author Affilications：China Electronics Corporation，Beijing 100086，China

Abstract：The design of the novel currature correction temperature compensation bandgap reference circuit as the currature correction circuit of the first order temperature compensation bandgap reference circuit, and get a better output and lower average temperature coefficient, which is fabricated with 90 nm CMOS technology. Result from HSPICE simulation shows that the circuit has an average temperature coefficient about 2.2 ppm/℃ between -20 ℃ to 120 ℃。

Key word：
bandgap reference

temperature coefficient

curvature correction

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Design of a Sigma-Delta A/D converter for audio signal

DOI：10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.2015.06.013

Author：Wu Shuyuan1，Zhang Haiying2，Wei Baoyue2

Author Affilications：1.Project Management and Information Technology Institute，University of Chinese Academy of Sciences，Beijing 100049，China； 2.Institute of Microelectronics，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Beijing 100029，China

Abstract： A 4th-order 2-stage cascade audio sigma delta A/D converter was designed and implemented in SMIC 180 nm CMOS technology. The over-sampling ratio was 64, and the signal-bandwidth was 20 kHz. The digital filter adopted a cascade of CIC，CIC compensate and half-band filter, which was featured ripples within ±0.001 dB in the pass band and -100 dB attenuation in the stop band. The ADC consumed 2.34 mW of power under the 1.8 V supply. It achieved a performance of 95.9 dB SNDR.

Key word：
sigma-delta modulator

switch capacitor integrator

digital filter

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Thermal placement optimization of embedded resistances by fuzzy genetic algorithm

DOI：10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.2015.06.014

Author：Deng Li1，Li Tianming2，Huang Chunyue3，Zhang Ruibin2，Pang Qianjuan1，Huang Wei3

Author Affilications：1.Department of Electronic Engineering, Guilin University of Aerospace Technology, Guilin 541004，China； 2.Department of Automotive Engineering, Guilin University of Aerospace Technology, Guilin 541004，China； 3.School of Electro-Mechanical Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004，China

Abstract： Aiming at the premature convergence problem of the standard genetic algorithm(SGA) for thermal placement optimization of embedded resistances, a series of measures were taken to maintain the population diversity and search the global optimization solution, such as the fitness function design, the crossover and the mutation probabilities adaptive adjustment by the fuzzy logic controller(FLC), and the local catastrophe operation intervention when the population hadn’t evolved for a long time. The MATLAB results show that this method can suppress the premature convergence better, and the finite element analysis(FEA) simulation results indicate that its thermal placement optimization result has more equal temperature distribution. The effectiveness of the algorithm was verified by testing the temperature distribution of experimental samples using the thermal imager.

Key word：
embedded resistance

thermal placement optimization

fuzzy genetic algorithm

premature convergence

finite element analysis

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Measurement Control Technology and Instruments

Missile-embedded computer test system based on LabVIEW

DOI：10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.2015.06.015

Author：Sun Yuhuan1，2，Li Yonghong1，2，Yue Fengying3，Yue Ni4

Author Affilications：1.School of Instrument and Electronics,North University of China，Taiyuan 030051，China； 2.Kotel Micro Technique Co.，Ltd.，Taiyuan 030051，China； 3.School of Computer Science and Control Engineering，North University of China，Taiyuan 030051，China； 4.Inner Mongolian Evenki Dong Energy Power Plant，Hulunbeir 021000，China

Abstract：In order to test the accuracy of control strategy and work timing for missile-embedded computer,an automation measurement system based on PXI bus and LabVIEW is designed, which has realized various functional tests. At the same time, the use of LabVIEW rich signal processing module stable and efficient completion of system parameters configuration, signal monitoring, data acquisition, data processing, data storage and other functions. The practical application shows that the system is stable, easy operation, scalability, greatly improve the research efficiency of missile-embedded computer.

Key word：
missile-embedded computer

control strategy

work timing

automation

LabVIEW

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A method of non-invasive liver reserve function measurement based on pigment spectra absorption principle

DOI：10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.2015.06.016

Author：Zhan Yinze1，Qin Ying1，Zhang Jing1，Cai Jing2，Dai Qiang2，Liu Lili3

Author Affilications：1.College of Optical and Electronical Information，Changchun University of Science and Technology，Changchun 130012，China； 2.College of Instrumentation & Electrical Engineering，Jilin University，Changchun 130012，China； 3.The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University，Changchun 130026，China

Abstract： Liver disease has been the high incidence of disease in China，liver reserve function is an important physiological parameters in diagnosis and treatment of liver disease. Using blood colorimetric method to measure liver reserve function traditionally in hospital，by indocyanine green ICG absorbing effect of 805 nm light. Patient is injected with ICG and drawed blood to measure ICG concentration in 0 minute、5 minutes、10 minutes and 15 minutes，achieve liver reserve function by plotting the ICG metabolism curve . In order to avoid the adverse effects of traditional liver reserve function measurement to the measurement results precision and patients health，put forward the design scheme of non-invasive liver reserve function measurement system based on pigment spectra absorption light principle. Experiment result：by 805 nm、940 nm spectrum properties and indocyanine green ICG dye absorption light property to achieve non-invasive measurement of liver reserve function.

Key word：
liver reserve function

pigment spectra absorption light principle

non-invasive measurement

indocyanine green

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Design of split-type portable navigation system based on ZigBee

DOI：10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.2015.06.017

Author：Liu Siqing，Zhang Xi，Wang Na

Author Affilications：School of Instrumentation & Opto-electronics Engineering，Beihang University，Beijing 100191，China

Abstract： In order to make the Portable Navigation System(PNS) convenient for wearing and work reliably, we design a split-type PNS based on ZigBee technology. The system is composed of sensor wireless transmission terminal and handheld wireless receiving terminal, the sending terminal acquires the datas of MEMS inertial measurement unit(MIMU) data, and transmits the data to the receiving terminal through wireless. Compared with the other PNS, this system has the advantages of small volume, light weight, low power consumption, low cost and convenient carrying etc., and the sensor data transmission by wireless does not require hardware connection. Using DMA control to realize serial data transceiver, improves the efficiency of utilization of MCU greatly. After testing, this system can transmit the navigation data by wireless and realize the navigation function stably and reliably.

Key word：
portable navigation system

ZigBee

MIMU

DMA

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Design and implementation of a general programmable interface IP core

DOI：10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.2015.06.018

Author：Hu Xiaogang1，Zhao Linna1，Yu Zhiguo1，Wei Jinghe2，Gu Xiaofeng1

Author Affilications：1.Key Laboratory of Advanced Process Control for Light Industry(Ministry of Education)，Department of Electronic Engineering， Jiangnan University，Wuxi 214122，China； 2.The 58th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corp，Wuxi 214035，China

Abstract：In order to meet the requirements of high bandwidth and the diversity of external interface of System-on-a-Chip(SoC), a general programmable interface IP core is designed by using the programmable state machine and waveform descriptor memory. The detailed design flow of the interface is described, including the designs of the interface hardware connection, the firmware design, the waveform descriptor and the simulation platform. Based on the 8051 CPU core, a verification simulation environment is built using the designed interface IP core. The interface IP core is tested and verified by comparing the data being written and read in the environment.

Key word：
System-on-a-Chip

general programmable interface

IP core

data transmission

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A heterogeneous combination of remote wireless network control system

DOI：10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.2015.06.020

Author：Hu Jingchun1，2，Zeng Xishan3，Liu Hongliang1，Shi Jibin2

Author Affilications：1.College of Information Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University，Nanchang 330069，China； 2.Jiangxi College of Science and Technology,Nanchang 330100，China； 3.Jiangxi Xinyuan Electrical Measuring Instrument Co.，Ltd.，Xinyu 338004，China

Abstract： This paper introduces the design and implementation of a wireless remote control system. In this system, the combined method of remote wireless communication and short distance wireless LAN is applied and it is based on the single chip microcomputer STC12C5A60S2, the wireless communication module chip WISMO228 and wireless RF transceiver nRF24L01 . Mobile phone is used as remote control, and the power plug as local control network node which is called as "plug and play". Therefore, such a system is free combinatorial, wide application field, high ratio of performance to price.

Key word：
single chip microcomputer

wireless communication module

wireless remote control

wireless local area network

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Design of household intelligent waterproof detector based on ZigBee technology

DOI：10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.2015.06.021

Author：Gu Shanmao，Liu Yunlong，Ji Zhixiang

Author Affilications：College of Information and Control，Weifang University，Weifang 261061，China)

Abstract： The current using household water detectors have so many shortcomings, such as bulky, expensive, not convenient for family, and so on. In order to solve these problems, a novel design of home intelligent water detector was proposed based on the pressure sensor and CC2430 chip and strong water absorption expansion characteristics of super absorbent polymer, to achieve the advantages of low price, simple and high reliability. It can detect whether there is water on the family floor and giving the corresponding alarm real-time. So, the economic and time losses caused by negligence can be reduced. The experimental results show that the system has simple structure, reliable performance and can be of high value in popularization and application.

Key word：
waterproof detector

super absorbent polymer

pressure sensor

ZigBee

CC2430

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Latency measurement of LOCic for the optical data links of LHC experiments

DOI：10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.2015.06.019

Author：Deng Binwei1，2，Liu Tiankuan2

Author Affilications：1.School of Electric and Electronic Information Engineering，Hubei Polytechnic University，Huangshi 435003，China； 2.Department of Physics, Sothern Methodist University, Dallas 75275，USA

Abstract： In high-speed data transmission, data transmission latency is one of the important parameters of characterization of encoding and decoding system performance. Especially, in the CERN′s the large hadron collider(LHC) ATLAS detector readout system shorter latency is particularly important. As for the LOCic(line of code in application-specific integrated circuit chip) which will be applied to the LHC ATLAS experiment upgrade, the FPGA firmware of the linear coding system has given the designing methods and the implementation process for the time delay parameters test. According to this way, it has measured the size of delay accurately, and has illustrated the low-latency characteristics of linear code of the LOCic. As for the LOCic which will be applied to the LHC ATLAS experiment upgrade, it has provided the basis for the standardization of the linear coding system calibration.

Key word：
high-speed data transmission

latency measurement

LOCic

LHC

ATLAS phase-1

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Research on improved algorithm of non-standard constrained constant modulus for blind multiuser detection

DOI：10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.2015.06.022

Author：Zhou Xianchun1，2，3，Wang Jie1，2，3，Sun Wenrong1，2，3

Author Affilications：1.College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044，China； 2.Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China； 3.Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Meteorological Observation and Information Processing, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China

Abstract：In view of the problems about multiple access interference in CDMA(code division multiple access) cellular mobile communication, firstly we constructed a non-standard constrained constant modulus algorithm which is based on variable step of the Rayleigh distribution. Combined with the difference form, we put forward a non-standard constrained constant modulus algorithm of the difference form which is based on variable step of the Rayleigh distribution, called RDV-NSCDCMA. Compare with the simulations of the non-standard constrained constant modulus algorithm(NSCCMA) and RDV-NSCDCMA.

Key word：
Rayleigh distribution

constant modulus algorithm

blind multiuser detection

non-standard constrained

difference

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A modified fusion algorithm for target recognition based on the belief function theory

DOI：10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.2015.06.023

Author：Zhang Anan1，Peng Songsong2，Yang Wei3

Author Affilications：1.Energy Research Institute of Jiangxi Academy of Sciences，Nanchang 330000，China； 2.School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Jinggangshan University，Ji′an 343009，China； 3.College of Basic Education, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073，China

Abstract： The Dempster′s rule within the belief function theory can produce anti-intuitive results to combine high conflictive evidence. Moreover, its ignorance of the focal element cardinality leads the confusion problem. To account for these two problems, this paper proposed a modified fusion algorithm for target recognition. For the combination of consistent propositions, the basic belief mass can be reasonable transferred to the focal element with little cardinality (through considering the influence of their cardinality) to avoid the confusion problem in the proposed algorithm; and for the combination of inconsistent propositions, it adopts a local redistribution strategy for local conflict based on their preference. The effectiveness and advantage of the proposed algorithm are verified by several calculable examples and simulation results.

Key word：
information fusion

belief function theory

high conflictive evidence

combination rule

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A new interference suppression method of indoor positioning based on RSS

DOI：10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.2015.06.025

Author：Yu Yanpei，Zhou Chenghu

Author Affilications：Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research，CAS，Beijing 100101，China

Abstract：The indoor positioning system based on RSS(Received Signal Strength) will have a large error when signal occur obstruction or reflection. This paper did research to resolve this problem. Firstly, a RSS ranging model based on radio signal propagation model was deduced. Based on the RSS ranging model, Newton iteration algorithm in position calculation which is widely used was optimized, different signals was calculated with different weights , then the weighted least square estimate was proposed to improve positioning precision without increasing computational-complexity. The simulation result shows the method this paper proposed can suppression interference effectively and has a good performance in application environment.

Key word：
indoor positioning

interference suppression

received signal strength ranging model

weighted least square estimate

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Capacity analysis in cognitive radio system

DOI：10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.2015.06.026

Author：Chen Song，Wang Sheng，Hu Hanying

Author Affilications：School of Navigation and Aerospace Object Engineering，Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450001，China

Abstract：The cognitive-transmission procedure of primary user system and cognitive radio system is modeled by using continuous time Markov chain, and formulations that express the relationship among the arrival rate of the secondary users, detection possibility and spectrum usage are established. Furthermore, the close form resolution of the cognitive system capacity is deduced by the equalization of the system stable distribution and the time of spectrum occupation. Simulation results show that the spectrum usage firstly increase sharply and then decrease slowly as the false dismissal possibility increases. The capacity of the cognitive radio system increases as the arrival rate of the secondary user increases, but the increase slows down.

Key word：
cognitive radio

spectrum sensing

continuous time Markov chain

system capacity

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Performance investigation of MIMO based on antenna array and Laplacian angular distribution

DOI：10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.2015.06.027

Author：Liu Peng，Zhou Jie，Qian Kun

Author Affilications：Department of Communications，Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology，Nanjing 210044，China

Abstract： Multiple antenna systems are promising architectures for overcoming the effects of multi-path interference and increasing the spectrum efficiency. Capacity increases promised by MIMO systems mostly depend on the spatial correlation properties of the radio channels. This paper investigates the performance of multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) antenna arrays systems including MIMO space-time correlation and antenna array configurations. An analytical formula is derived for the fading correlation function of a uniform linear array(ULA) and a uniform circular array (UCA) when the angular energy follows a Laplacian distribution .This paper analyzes the system channel capacity under two antenna arrays. According to the program computer simulations are carried out to verify the analytical results. Validation results show that when the array element spacing increases or the attenuation factor decreases (the angular spread increases). Spatial fading correlation is reduced, system channel capacity increases, improved system performance.

Key word：
MIMO

fading correlation

channel capacity

Laplacian distribution

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The performance analysis of physical layer network coding under asynchronous conditions

DOI：10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.2015.06.028

Author：Yang Zhimin，Hu Yongjiang，Wang Changlong

Author Affilications：Unmanned Aerial System Engineering Department，Ordance Engineering College，Shijiazhuang 050003，China

Abstract： Because the physical layer network coding(PNC) is affected by a variety of asynchronous conditions,we deduce the mathematical model between the bit error rate and carrier phase offset,carrier frequency offset,symbol offset and analysis the influence of various factors on the bit error rate.The result shows that when the carrier phase offset reaches ?仔/2,the bit error rate tends to constant with no change in signal to noise ratio;under the condition of carrier frequency offset,bit error rate is connect with frequency offset and frame length; under the condition of symbol offset,bit error rate is 6 dB maximum loss respecting to under the condition of synchronous.

Key word：
physical layer network coding

carrier phase offset

carrier frequency offset

symbol offset

bit error rate

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Intelligent algorithm for locating nodes in wireless sensor network based on the multi-power level mobile anchor node

DOI：10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.2015.06.024

Author：Du Yangyang，Mao Yongyi

Author Affilications：School of Electronic Engineering，Xi′an University of Posts and Telecommunication，Xi′an 710061，China

Abstract： A location algorithm is studied in wireless sensor networks and in terms of the problem a new locating algorithm for using single mobile anchor node is proposed,single mobile anchor node passes the network according to the designed step length and path ,at the same time, transmits beacon signal of different power through the power control. The unknown nodes are positioned by the received information, and in the positioning stage. Considering the practical application of the anchor nodes may have error, the anchor nodes vector error analysis is intro duceed.The simulation results show the new algorithm shows good performance. It is a feasible wireless sensor network node localization algorithm.

Key word：
wireless sensor network

mobile anchor node

multi-power control

particle swarm optimization

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Improved routing protocol based on multi angle in video wireless sensor networks

DOI：10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.2015.06.029

Author：Zhou Yongfu1，Zeng Zhi2

Author Affilications：1.Institute of Electronic and Information，Heyuan Polytechnic，Heyuan 517000，China) 2.Department of Computer Science，Huizhou University，Huizhou 516007，China

Abstract： Node energy in wireless video sensor networks is limited, in order to reduce energy and prolong network lifetime, an improved novel outing protocol based on multi angle in video wireless sensor networks was proposed in this paper. Firstly, the topical routing protocol of wireless video sensor networks was analyzed to find the defects, secondly, head node selection and cluster formation, the node sensing direction adjustment, cluster communication were improved and optimized, finally, the simulation experiments were carried out to test the performance. The results show that our proposed outing protocol can prolong network lifetime and improved coverage rate of monitoring.

Key word：
video sensor networks

energy

correlation aware

virtual potential field

lifetime

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Cooperative spectrum sensing of radio network using double thresholds energy detecting

DOI：10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.2015.06.030

Author：Liao Li，Xu Huiya，Zhu Hai

Author Affilications：School of Computer Science and Technology，Zhoukou Normal University，Zhoukou 466001，China

Abstract： As the energy consumption is increased by cooperative spectrum sensing in cognitive radio network, which will reduce the network lifetime, a cooperative spectrum sensing scheme based on double thresholds energy detecting is proposed. The network throughput is maximized by using double thresholds energy detecting so that the energy consumption is below the threshold and the primary users are protected against interference of secondary users. Convex optimization analysis is presented to obtain the optimal values of sensing time and detecting thresholds. Simulation results show that proposed method can effectively balance the network throughput and energy efficiency. It has obvious superiority comparing with traditional spectrum sensing methods.

Key word：
double threshold

energy detecting

cognitive radio network

spectrum sensing

convex optimization analysis

View(6712)

A location aware routing protocol by using energy efficient optimization in WSN

DOI：10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.2015.06.032

Author：Chen Xiaolian1，Zhou Qi1，Yang Xiaowei2

Author Affilications：1.Wuxi Power Supply Company，Jiangsu Electric Power Company，Wuxi 214000，China； 2.College of Communication Engineering，Nanjing Institute of Technology，Nanjing 211167，China

Abstract： In order to solve the energy consumption and delivery ratio constraint problem in wireless sensor network，an energy efficient self-organized location aware protocol is proposed. Firstly, according to the location aware of backbone anchor nodes construction network into a tree structure; secondly, using topology control optimize the network topology to maintain network connectivity and coverage; then, adding energy saving mechanism in the path selection process, balance the network load; using self-organizing minimize the number of message transmit and receive to reduce the message complexity and protocol overhead. Simulation results show that, the protocol has good energy efficiency, and it has higher packet delivery ratio and lower energy consumption, which indicates that it has effectively prolonged the network lifetime.

Key word：
wireless sensor network

location aware

energy efficient optimization

self-organized routing protocol

network lifetime

View(5780)

High throughput rate AES algorithm structure based on the pipelining and subpipelining

DOI：10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.2015.06.031

Author：Jiang Lei，Wei Zhennan，Liu Ming

Author Affilications：School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University，Nanjing 211100，China

Abstract： This paper presents a design for high-performance and high throughput rate hardware implementation of the 128-bit Advanced Encryption Standard(AES) algorithm based on the employment of pipelining and subpipelining in and between the rounds of encryption and decryption rounds. As most of the previous works rely on look-up tables(LUTs) to implement SubBytes and InvSubBytes transformations of the AES, our design, however, only employs combinational logic units which are designed for composite field arithmetic. As a result, the area requirements of the circuits are reduced accordingly, and it also gives chance to divide the composite field arithmetic into 6 rounds. As the advantage of pipelining and subpipelining are further developed, the throughput rate is much higher than before. By using the proposed design, the encryptor can achieve a throughput rate of 73.562 Gb/s at 570 MHz on an Altera DE2-115 device.

Key word：
Advanced Encryption Standard(AES)

composite field arithmetic

pipelining and sub-pipelining

View(11862)

Power Supply Technology and Its Application

Fixed frequency sliding mode control with additional integral for BUCK converter

DOI：10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.2015.06.033

Author：Yan Hongju，Feng Quanyuan

Author Affilications：Southwest Jiao Tong University，Institute of Microelectronics，Chengdu 611756，China

Abstract：Many studies have shown that the sliding mode control technique is applied to the BUCK converter, the switching frequency is not fixed, and the hysteresis switching frequency in sliding mode technology is very sensitive to noise and so on. The general solution is adding a time constant circuit in the hysteresis of the sliding mode control system, or using the adaptive hysteresis control technology, but it will introduce an external circuit, thus increasing the power consumption of the circuit. In order to solve this problem, this paper presents a kind of additional points of fixed frequency sliding mode control technology. By applying standard second order system to the sliding track, the coefficient of sliding mode controller is designed. And the influence of introduction of additional points on the performance of the controller is given. For sliding mode controller，exponential reaching law is designed, improving the dynamic quality of reaching movements. And the MATLAB simulation shows that the presented method has strong practicability in the DC-DC converter.

Key word：
DC-DC converter

fix frequency sliding mode control

additional integral

index approach

View(5390)

Study of a compound piezoelectric energy harvester

DOI：10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.2015.06.034

Author：Zhang Chuanjuan1，2

Author Affilications：1.School of Information and Electrical Engineering，China University Mining and Technology，Xuzhou 221000，China； 2.Jiangsu Union Technical Institute，Xuzhou 221000，China

Abstract： In order to solve the energy problem of the wireless sensor network and portable electronic products, the research on the piezoelectric vibration energy collector based on the electromagnetic coupling is performed in this paper. The theoretical ana- lysis shows that the generating energy can be proportional to the square of the external force applied on the vibration energy collector. Through using the piezoelectric element of PZT4 and a metal substrate of beryllium bronze and adding two pieces of permanent magnet as the mass on the substrate free end, the piezoelectric vibration energy collector is manufactured. Experiments show that the maximum output voltage of the piezoelectric cantilever beam attached to the permanent magnet is increased by 222%. When the magnetic field strength is 0 T and 1 T, the maximum output voltage values are increased by 0.38% and 2.12% respectively.

Key word：
piezoelectric generation

vibration energy harvester

electromagnetic coupling

resonance frequency

View(10908)

Design of IR2110 anti-interference drive circuit with negative charge pump

DOI：10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.2015.06.035

Author：Guan Liang1，Rao Jingjing2

Author Affilications：1.Haihua Electronics Enterprise(China)Corporation，Guangzhou 510510，China； 2.Guangdong Mechanical & Electrical College，Guangzhou 510515，China

Abstract： IR2110 internal can not produce a negative voltage，so that glitch emerges easily when turn off IGBT using zero-voltage. According to this problem, this paper studies the reverse recovery process of IGBT parasitic diode and analyzes the reason that causes glitch when turn off IR2110 using zero-voltage combined with the input impedance Miller effect of IGBT. Finally, this paper improves the IR2110 typical zero-voltage shutdown circuit, and then designs the IR2110 shutdown circuit with a negative charge pump. This circuit is verified by experiment, it can effectively solve the glitch problem result from turning off IR2110 using zero-voltage. Meanwhile，this circuit could ensure the stability of the inverter.

Key word：
IR2110

negative charge pump

reverse recovery

Miller effect

View(12592)

Analysis of power efficiency index and optimization of resonance coupling for wireless transmission

DOI：10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.2015.06.036

Author：Zhang Ruicheng，Liu Pei

Author Affilications：College of Electrical Engineering，North China University of Science and Technology，Tangshan 063009，China

Abstract：Aiming at the present study ignores the received coil′s influence on the transmitter coil which can lead to big error problem，this paper establishes the mathematical model of receiving and resonance coupling coils LS and LD，and gives the relationship of transmission efficiency and power and coil sizes, distance. Through the contrast analysis，under the condition of considering the effects of receiver coil， the error decreases from 32% to 3%. Amied at the shortcoming of the system′s power is low when the efficiency is biggest, using the concept of power efficiency index，the system is optimized. So that the system transmission efficiency is 50.6% when the output power is 2.3 W, both are high. Finally, the correctness of the conclusion and the feasibility of the power efficiency index are verified by MATLAB simulation.

Key word：
resonance coupling

output power

efficiency

power efficiency index

View(6096)

Computer Technology and Its Applications

Recognition of wheat diseases based on mean impact value and support vector machine

DOI：10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.2015.06.037

Author：Xia Yongquan，Li Yaobin，Huang Haipeng

Author Affilications：College of Computer and Communication Engineering，Zhengzhou University of Light Industry，Zhengzhou 450001，China

Abstract： To improve the recognition accuracy of wheat diseases, a recognition method of wheat diseases based on the idea of mean impact value and support vector machine is proposed. Firstly, the threshold segmentation method is used for the segmentation of wheat leaf image. Secondly, the gray-level co-occurrence matrix and the color moment are used for the extraction of texture and color characteristics of diseases. Thirdly, the idea of mean impact value is applied to the support vector machine regression to conduct the characteristic variable optimization. Finally, the optimized characteristic variables are used as the input vectors of support vector machine to conduct the recognition. Experiments showed that the number of characteristic variables was reduced from 14 to 7 and that the recognition accuracy reached 96.25% after the characteristic variable optimization, thereby providing an effective method for the recognition of farmland wheat diseases.

Key word：
mean impact value

support vector machine

feature selection

texture feature

color moment

View(8992)

Design and implementation of green house video monitoring system based on cloud computing

DOI：10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.2015.06.038

Author：Liu Wenhui，Wang Zhe

Author Affilications：College of Telecommunication and Electronic Engineering，Qiqihar University，Qiqihar 161006，China

Abstract： Aiming at greenhouses video monitoring system has the characteristics of offline data, in order to process offline data information more efficiently and safely, and accurately obtain greenhouses video data information, the Hadoop technology and video monitoring technology fuse in together，which can meet the needs of traditional network video monitoring cannot transmit large amounts of data, mass video file storage and computation, and can essentially guarantee control system security, stability, real-time and improve computational efficiency. The combination of this technology can increase farmers′ economic benefits and reduce the consumption of manpower，at the same time，it can promote the rapid development of economy，eventually achieving agricultural science and technology information.

Key word：
cloud computing

video monitoring

greenhouse

agricultural informatization

View(6818)

Research of airborne electronic hardware design processes based on formal methods of NuXMV

DOI：10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.2015.06.039

Author：Jin Zhiwei1，Liu Wanhe2，Xue Qiannan1，Tian Yi1

Author Affilications：1.Tianjin Key Laboratory of Civil Aircraft Airworthiness and Maintenance，Civil Aviation University of China，Tianjin 300300，China； 2.Safety Science and Engineering College，Civil Aviation University of China，Tianjin 300300，China

Abstract： The critical design document in airborne electronic hardware design processes is detailed design specification. This paper analyzes the formal methods character, and then abstracts a process for detailed design specification to develop design′s correctness and completeness. Taking ARINC429 bus transmission module design as an example, it completes the forward design process based on formal methods. The result shows that the design process based on formal methods is useful for detailed design specification and improving the efficiency of verification, so as to reduce the development cycle.

Key word：
model check

formal methods

NuXMV

airborne electronic hardware

View(5650)

Automatic locate algorithm for the defects of industrial CT based on block fractal

DOI：10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.2015.06.041

Author：Chen Peixing1，2，Wang Mingquan1，2，Li Shihu1，2，Hou Huilin1，2，Wang Yu1，2

Author Affilications：1.Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement，North University of China，Taiyuan 030051，China； 2.School of Information and Communication Engineering，North University of China，Taiyuan 030051，China

Abstract：For traditional defect location must through steps such as image segmentation and defect extraction, identification process is cumbersome and time-consuming, so this paper proposes a automatic detection algorithm for the defects of industrial CT based on block fractal. To begin with, the method deal with the image into blocks and fractal dimension is calculated on each sub-block area. Then, it sets a threshold according to the frequency distribution histogram of fractal dimensions, and marks the edge of the block. Finally, by dealing with the connected region of marked blocks, it is able to locate and mark defects. Through the processing of solid rocket motor model industrial CT images which contain a different number defects, it can accurately locate defects. The experiments indicate that this method is effective and accurate on automatic locate defects of industrial CT image, and has a strong robustness.

Key word：
defect location

fractal

industrial CT

block

region connection

View(7998)

A design of data acquisition gateway based on CoAP

DOI：10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.2015.06.042

Author：Li Qi，Zhang Kang，Wang Yueming

Author Affilications：College of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology，Baotou 014010，China

Abstract： To satisfy the demand of Hulun Lake watershed environmental big data collection, and to solve the incompatible problem of different manufacturers protocols, a data acquisition gateway was designed based on the Constrained Application Protocol(CoAP). This study discussed the basic principle and implementation method of CoAP in detail and gave the overall design, the hardware and the software design of each part. Furtherly, the study gave the detail design of hardware which is based on the STM32 microprocessor and software design which is based on the open-source operating system RT-Thread. The experimental result shows that, the design is feasible and it has the characteristics of high transmission efficiency and better compatibility.

Key word：
data acquisition

gateway

STM32

RT-Thread

CoAP

View(13722)

Design of omnidirectional robot system based on motion sensing remote control

DOI：10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.2015.06.043

Author：Sun Qiang，Wang Wentao

Author Affilications：College of Computer Science and Technology，South-Central University for Nationalities，Wuhan 430074，China

Abstract： This paper designed a robot and its control system,by using the human skeleton movement information to generate command control, which was based on the Mecanum wheels and had the omnidirectional movement and grasping functions. First of all, the upper computer was used to obtain the depth image data of human body through kinect. Then, the skeleton tracking technology was used to extract various joints of human body and establish the space coordinate system. Finally, the joint rotation angle of human body was calculated through the space vector algorithm, and in this way, the control movement could be identified and mapped into related control demand. Next, the WiFi transmission was used to transmit the control command to the robot to execute corresponding movement.The identification efficiency of system movement and the execution of tasks in simulated scenarios were tested, and the test results were given.

2015 No. 06

Publish Date：2015-06-06

ISSN：0258-7998

CN：11-2305/TN

Review and Comment

Key word： ΔΣ modulator quantizer VCO bandwidth power View(6314)

Key word： prefetching spatial locality temporal locality View(7322)

Embedded Technology

Key word： Yaffs2 file system NAND Flash garbage collection cold and hot data View(11382)

Key word： intergrated display terminal digital light procession embedded systems graphical user interface View(7010)

Key word： low-power MES GMR-1 mobile satellite communication system View(7002)

Key word： digital micromirror device compressed sensing measurement matrix FPGA View(9760)

Key word： satellite navigation FPGA PCIe DMA View(13598)

Key word： ZigBee wireless network Beidou satellite data acquisition of farmland View(18110)

Key word： AXI 4 bus timing control FPGA View(19944)

Microelectronic Technology

Key word： direct digital synthesizer arbitrary signal generator stray analysis delay jitter method LC correction circuit View(9606)

Key word： FIR digital filter extrapolated impulse response subexpression sharing ASIC FPGA View(6948)

Key word： bandgap reference temperature coefficient curvature correction View(7668)

Key word： sigma-delta modulator switch capacitor integrator digital filter View(8054)

Key word： embedded resistance thermal placement optimization fuzzy genetic algorithm premature convergence finite element analysis View(5164)

Measurement Control Technology and Instruments

Key word： missile-embedded computer control strategy work timing automation LabVIEW View(8032)

Key word： liver reserve function pigment spectra absorption light principle non-invasive measurement indocyanine green View(7112)

Key word： portable navigation system ZigBee MIMU DMA View(10214)

Key word： System-on-a-Chip general programmable interface IP core data transmission View(5680)

Key word： single chip microcomputer wireless communication module wireless remote control wireless local area network View(7838)

Key word： waterproof detector super absorbent polymer pressure sensor ZigBee CC2430 View(14264)

Key word： high-speed data transmission latency measurement LOCic LHC ATLAS phase-1 View(6934)

Key word： Rayleigh distribution constant modulus algorithm blind multiuser detection non-standard constrained difference View(6282)

Key word： information fusion belief function theory high conflictive evidence combination rule View(5388)

Key word： indoor positioning interference suppression received signal strength ranging model weighted least square estimate View(8940)

Key word： cognitive radio spectrum sensing continuous time Markov chain system capacity View(4862)

Key word： MIMO fading correlation channel capacity Laplacian distribution View(7788)

Key word： physical layer network coding carrier phase offset carrier frequency offset symbol offset bit error rate View(5826)

Key word： wireless sensor network mobile anchor node multi-power control particle swarm optimization View(11448)

Key word： video sensor networks energy correlation aware virtual potential field lifetime View(4800)

Key word： double threshold energy detecting cognitive radio network spectrum sensing convex optimization analysis View(6712)

Key word： wireless sensor network location aware energy efficient optimization self-organized routing protocol network lifetime View(5780)

Key word： Advanced Encryption Standard(AES) composite field arithmetic pipelining and sub-pipelining View(11862)