Home > Archive > 2017 No. 08

2017 No. 08

Publish Date：2017-08-06
ISSN：0258-7998
CN：11-2305/TN
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Special Column-5G Communication

Overview of 5G mobile communication system

DOI：10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.179003

Author：Huang Yuhong，Wang Xiaoyun，Liu Guangyi

Author Affilications：China Mobile Research Institute，Beijing 100053，China

Abstract：The successful application of 4G cultivates a flourishing mobile internet and enables us a convenient daily life. Our daily behaviors changed by mobile internet also cultivate new service and application for future. Besides serving the human, the mobile network is also expected to be applied to more and more elements of the society and enable the transformation and upgrade of different industries. To meet these requirements, 5G will provide extremely high spectrum efficiency, extremely low latency, extremely high density of the connections, and extremely low power consumption, and enable the vision of “information a finger away, everything in touch”. This paper gives the overview of the use cases and performance requirements of 5G system, and introduces the key technologies for the radio air interface and the innovative network architecture.
Key word：
5G
Massive MIMO
NOMA
network slicing
View(33144)

Feasibility analysis of NB-IoT uplink data transmission based on Massive MIMO

DOI：10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.172764

Author：Zhang Changwei1，2，Qi Jiarong1，Guo Yongan2

Author Affilications：1.College of Telecommunications & Information Engineering，Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications， Nanjing 210000，China； 2.Key Laboratory of Wireless Communication in Jiangsu Province，Nanjing 210003，China

Abstract：In this paper, the feasibility of using Massive MIMO technology to transmit NB-IoT information is validated. First of all, this paper summarizes the current situation of NB-IoT, the difference with LTE and the problems encountered in the current development process. Secondly, the signal transmission process and system structure of Massive MIMO technology are explained. Finally, the experiments demonstrate that Massive MIMO technology can be used for NB-IoT by simulation to achieve the goal of extending battery life, increasing coverage, and increasing support for nodes.
Key word：
Massive MIMO
NB-IoT
M2M
View(14190)

Location-based pilot assignment in Massive MIMO systems

DOI：10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.172879

Author：Li Xiaowen，Zhou Jia，Ye Songji，Wang Yufan，Wang Dan

Author Affilications：Communication and Information Engineering，ChongQing University of Post and Telecommunications，Chongqing 400065，China

Abstract：Aiming at the problem of pilot pollution in massive multi-input multiple-output(MIMO) systems, this paper proposes a location-based pilot assignment strategy under the influence of Rician fading. The proposed scheme divides the user into two categories: the center user and the edge user by using the distance of the user arriving at the base station in each cell. Specifically, in order to improve the uplink achievable sum rates, the center user are operated with the random pilot allocation,and the dege user performs the pilot assignment base the principle of minimizing the line-of-sight(LOS) interference between the edge user in the target cell and the edge user in the interfering cell. The simulation results show that the proposed location-based pilot allocation scheme can effectively improve the performance of large-scale MIMO systems.
Key word：
Massive MIMO
pilot contamination
location-based
pilot allocation
View(12668)

Low-complexity beamforming based on inter-beam interference cancellation for massive MIMO

DOI：10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.172555

Author：Zhou Yingchao，Huang Qiong，Shen Bin

Author Affilications：Key Lab of Mobile Communication Technology，Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications，Chongqing 400065，China

Abstract：In the downlink of massive MIMO system, the sum-rate of the Minimun Mean Square Error(MMSE) and Singular-Value Decomposition(SVD) beamforming is better than that of the Maximum Ratio Transmission(MRT) and the Zero-Forcing beamforming (ZFBF), but the cost is the computational complexity of MMSE and SVD is much larger than ZFBF and MRT. At the same time, the computational complexity of ZFBF is much larger than MRT, however, when using ZFBF to transmit user signals, it can completely eliminate the inter-beam interference between users, and the sum-rate is better than the MRT algorithm, close to MMSE and SVD. This paper proposes a low complexity beamforming algorithm based on partial inter-beam interference cancellation for massive MIMO. The simulation results show that compared with ZFBF, MMSE and SVB, the low complexity BF algorithm proposed in this paper has a small decrease of the sum-rate, but it significantly reduces the computational complexity. The proposed scheme can achieve about 90% capacity of ZFBF while requiring 12%~19% computational complexity of ZFBF.
Key word：
Massive MIMO
beamforming
low complexity
sum-rate
View(14110)

Analysis of interference from 5G system BSs to FSS earth station at 3.5 GHz band

DOI：10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.172904

Author：Li Kece1，Li Jingchun2，Yang Wenhan2，Xu Ying2

Author Affilications：1.School of Information Engineering，Hebei University of Technology，Tianjin 300401，China； 2.The State Radio Monitoring Center，Beijing 100037，China

Abstract：For the guarantee of the development and testing of the fifth generation mobile communication(5G) technology in our country, and the protection of the normal work of the 3.5 GHz band fixed satellite service(FSS), the latest 5G system parameters and the simulation method provided by International Telecommunication Union(ITU) proposals are used to carry out the research of the coexistence of 3.5 GHz band 5G system base station with the FSS system in this paper. The results show that the 5G system base stations(BSs) has a large co-channel interference to FSS earth station at 3.5 GHz band, which makes it difficult to realize the coexistence of two systems at the same frequency, and the coexistence of two systems can be realized by some measures when the adjacent frequency is deployed.
Key word：
the fifth generation mobile communication system
3.5 GHz
fixed satellite service
coexistence analysis
View(31030)

Microelectronic Technology

Analysis and solutions of signal EM in 16 nm FinFET technology

DOI：10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.179005

Author：Yang Huiping，Cai Yan，Shi Jian′an

Author Affilications：NVIDIA Semiconductor Technology(Shanghai) Co.，Ltd Beijing Branch，Beijing 100020，China

Abstract：Signal electro migration(EM) is an important verification in the advanced process node. Signal EM were reported with Innovus and Voltus on a TSMC 16 nm design. A large mismatch was found between Innovus and Voltus especially in peak clock type. We did some analysis on the tool behavior, calculation model and flow to find the root cause. Innovus would report more realistic results after fixing the mismatch. That would be helpful when debug the signal EM issue in early stage.
Key word：
signal EM
16 nm FinFET
APR
Innovus
Voltus
View(20196)

The system level debug method of PCIE based on emulator platform

DOI：10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.179008

Author：Bai Ying1，Ma Lingzhi1，Guo Jia1，Chen Shaohui2

Author Affilications：1.Tianjin Phytium Technology Co.，Ltd.，Tianjing 102209，China；2.Cadence，Shenzhen 518040，China

Abstract：Due to frequent change of driver or benchmark in system level verification environment with real PCIE device, operation system would be rebooted frequently，this would result in extra simulation time. On the other hand, the weaken debugging ability would contribute to the challenge of debug. As a response, optimizations of both the PCIE system level verification flow and the debugging were presented in this paper. As for the verification flow, a “drawer-style” ram disk management mechanism was adopted. The driver or benchmark was replaced directly, avoiding OS reboot, via this ram disk. And the transportation of driver or benchmark to memory via NIO or Ethernet data path would further avoid both state restore and PCIE hot reset time. As for debug, the signal captured by SDL would be dumped and transported into waveform via display buffer. And the debugging ability would be improved with proper choice of capture signal, buffer depth and doping clock frequency.
Key word：
emulator
ICE
system verification
PCIE
View(11928)

Via structure optimization and cooperation of design and simulation

DOI：10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.179004

Author：Wu Jun1，Huang Gang1，Zhuang Zhemin2

Author Affilications：1.Shenzhen EDADOC Technology Co.,LTD，Shenzhen 518057，China； 2.Cadence Design Systems，Shenzhen 518000，China

Abstract：In recent years, 56 GHz PAM4 have become new focus of high speed design,now people in the field even are going to focus on 56 GHz NRZ and 112 GHz PAM4. As the rising data rate,it brings the huge challenge about how to deal with the PCB channel especially the optimization of via structure in the PCB which is the key indicator of performance of the passive channel. This paper introduce the method from two aspects. As we know, a good optimization is base on accurate simulation. So firstly we discuss how to abtain a accurate result of optimization and how to get the accurate S parameter of the via structure through the method of simulation test calibration. This paper shows the result and influence of some optimization through a accurate simulation of the via structures base on of calibration. At the same time, we focus on a new tool and the flow provided by Cadence Sigrity called HSSO(High Speed Structure Optimizer)which can improve the efficiency of the design and simulation especially the communication of it and reduce some problems between them.
Key word：
high speed design
via
simulation test calibration
HSSO
View(10794)

Low power and mixed signal verification method for digital centric mixed signal designs

DOI：10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.179007

Author：Liang Chao1，2

Author Affilications：1.School of Astronautics，Harbin Insitute of Technology，Harbin 150001，China； 2.Suzhou Design Center of NXP Semiconductor，Suzhou 215011，China

Abstract：The mixed signal verification becomes more and more important in current SoC design，it is regarded as physical examination of chip before tape out, it will avoid silicon respin. The result shows most of silicon issues could be found out with proper mixed signal verification methodology. Current mixed signal verification challenges includes behavior modeling, transistor level simulation speed not fast enough, low power verification etc. The overall mixed signal verification methodology that is used in KW41 MCU is introduced, which includes using model schematic generator to generate wreal models, mixed mode AMS simulation, analog assertion and circuit check that will help achieve automatic check thus find out possible issues in analog design, using XPS MS for full chip transistor level simulation. The AMS verification method adopts all the digital centric design.
Key word：
analog mixed signal verification
wreal model
schematic model generator
XPS
full chip spice simulation
analog assertion
View(11304)

A method to achieve high test efficiency based on RRFA

DOI：10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.179006

Author：Bai Yufeng，Lv Yinpeng

Author Affilications：GLOBALFOUNDRIES China(Shanghai) Co.，Ltd，Shanghai 201204，China

Abstract：To improve manufacturing test coverage as well as to reduce the test pattern volume, a method based on Random Resistant Fault Analysis(RRFA) is proposed. This method will improve the test efficiency by inserting test points in the circuit. The experimental results on real designs show that using this method effectively reduce test patterns by 48.85% without losing test coverage, which helps chip designer to improve test efficiency.
Key word：
RRFA
DFT
test point
test coverage
View(6290)

The measurement method of 2D distribution of EMI in the on-chip power distribution network

DOI：10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.170048

Author：Wang Yibin，Yan Lin，Su Tao，Chen Dihu，Wang Zixin

Author Affilications：School of Electronics and Information Technology，Sun Yat-sen University，Guangzhou 510275，China

Abstract：The two-dimension distribution of EMI in the on-chip power distribution network provides valuable information for understanding the immunity behavior of the integrated circuit. This paper presents an EMI sensor array to measure the distribution. The sensor generates periodical noise on the supply. The spectrum of generated noise is considered as the feedback signal. The power distribution network of the host integrated circuit is utilized as the propagation channel of the feedback signal. The innovation of this distribution measurement method don′t need extra pin to generate any control signal or to detect the feedback signal. No modification is made on the host power distribution network. The sensor can be easily realized with standard cells. The design of sensor array is implemented with Global Foundry 180 nm process. The proposed sensor array method is verified by both transistor-level simulation and hardware experiment.
Key word：
integrated circuits
electromagnetic interference
power distribution network
2D distribution
noise spectrum
View(9118)

The piecewise non-linear approximation of the sigmoid function and its implementation in FPGA

DOI：10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.170569

Author：Song Yukun，Gao Xiaohang，Zhang Duoli，Du Gaoming

Author Affilications：Institute of VLSI Design，Hefei University of Technology，Hefei 230009，China

Abstract：The piecewise non-linear approximation algorithm is a good way to deal with the calculation of some complex non-linear functions. Combining the piecewise non-linear approximation algorithm with the properties of the Sigmoid function and its derivative function，propose to find the relationship between the segmentation strategy，order of the approximation polynomial and the computation precision. Experiments with FPGA show the better performance on speed and computation precision compared with some other algorithms.
Key word：
piecewise non-linear approximation algorithm
Sigmoid function
FPGA
View(33174)

UHF RFID tag chip with low clock frequency implementation scheme of PIE decoding circuit

DOI：10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.170570

Author：Zhou Zhimei1，2，Zhang Tong1，2，Liu Liang1，2，Zhang Haifeng1，2

Author Affilications：1.State Grid Key Laboratory of Power Industrial Chip Design and Analysis Technology， Beijing Smart-Chip Microelectronics Technology Co.，Ltd.Beijing 100192，China； 2.Beijing Engineering Research Center of High-Reliability IC with Power Industrial Grade， Beijing Smart-Chip Microelectronics Technology Co.，Ltd.Beijing 100192，China

Abstract：For the tag chip, reducing the system clock frequency is the most effective way to reduce power consumption and to improve its communication distance. A lower decoding clock frequency is derived according the equivalent judgment method，and the implementation scheme is proposed. The decoding circuit designed in this paper greatly reduces the power consumption of the chip and improves the response sensitivity of the tag.
Key word：
RFID
tag
PIE
decoding circuit
ISO18000-6 TYPE C
View(9014)

Analysis of stop-band performance of evanescent mode waveguide bandpass filter loaded with tiny posts

DOI：10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.170645

Author：Li Kun，Qu Dexin，Zhong Xingjian，Chen Zheng

Author Affilications：College of Communications Engineering，PLA University of Science & Technology，Nanjing 210007，China

Abstract：A method of widening the stopband of evanescent mode waveguide bandpass filter is presented in this paper, by loading tiny posts between capacitive posts in the evanescent mode waveguide. The equivalent circuit of the filter is illustrated. Based on a Ku-band five-order evanescent mode bandpass filter, the stopband performances effected by different position of the tiny posts are analyzed and compared by the use of HFSS. The measured results indicate that loading tiny posts between capacitive posts can effectively suppress the first spurious of the filter and consequently improve the stopband performance.
Key word：
stopband performance
bandpass filter
evanescent mode waveguide
Ku-band
View(8010)

Embedded Technology

A distributed data acquisition system based on embedded Ethernet

DOI：10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.166610

Author：Fu Liangrui1，Chen Yaohong2，Hu Xiangchao1，Zhu Baoliang1

Author Affilications：1.Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology，Xi′an 710024，China； 2.Xi′an Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Xi′an 710119，China

Abstract：Seismic exploration is a key method to detect the underground resources such as petroleum, natural gas and coal. This paper proposes a high-precision distributed data acquisition system which can be employed in seismic exploration. Data are centralized processed and stored after long line transmission through Ethernet, meanwhile, the problem of clock synchronization is solved by current loop circuit and long stable clock. The experiment proves that the system is stable, reliable data transmission, superior cost performance, and has useful application prospects.
Key word：
distributed
W5300
long-reach Ethernet
current loop
View(8726)

Hardware implementation of unobtrusive sleep state discrimination algorithm

DOI：10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.166939

Author：Wang Hao，Chen Shaoyong，Wang Jiaquan，Huang Qijun

Author Affilications：School of Physics and Technology，Wuhan University，Wuhan 430072，China

Abstract：This paper introduces an algorithm using unobtrusive PVDF sensor to acquire and process multi-dimension physiological signals in real time based on SoC. The system aquires the physiological signals from the PVDF piezoelectric film sensor, the signals step into the programmable logic device after the front-end charge amplification, filtering and ADC sampling. The algorithm uses pipelined logic design to extract BCG physiological signal characteristic value and generate the stabile measurement of BHI, receives the results of hardware calculation through the soft-core processor Nios, and presents the final discrimination of sleep state. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm could identify three types of sleep state, including body movements, normal respiration and apnea events. Processing time is sharply reduced, meanwhile, the algorithm provides great reference value in medical dignose and home health care for apnea hypopnea syndrome.
Key word：
unobtrusive
hardware implementation
sleep state
apnea
View(12984)

Development of hot-water drill bit measurement and control system for polar ice shelf

DOI：10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.166619

Author：Zhou Qiaodi，Tong Yi，Yu Xiaofei

Author Affilications：Electronic Information College，Hangzhou Dianzi University，Hangzhou 310018，China

Abstract：According to the application of the ice shelf hot-water drill in the Antarctic extreme conditions, a set of measurement and control system for the hot-water drill bit of the Antarctic ice shelf is designed and implemented. This system uses the STM32 microprocessor as the core, combined with the RS485 remote communication, realizes the real-time acquisition of drilling temperature, pressure, displacement, attitude, acoustic aperture, and is able to realize the jet direction switching by controlling the electromagnetic valve compartment. The test results show that the system can work reliably under flexible temperature and meets the requirements of working in Antarctic.
Key word：
ice shelf
hot-water drill
STM32
measurement and control
View(9552)

The design of electrical conductivity measurement system of ice cores

DOI：10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.166817

Author：Wang Qihong1，Liu Jingbiao1，An Chunlei2，Shi Jianguang1，Yu Haibin1

Author Affilications：1.Electronic Information College，Hangzhou Dianzi University，Hangzhou 310018，China； 2.Polar Research Institute of China，Shanghai 200136，China

Abstract：For the application of electrical conductivity measurement in the analysis of ice cores processing. Through the improvement of foreign handheld electrical conductivity measurement unit, this paper developed an automatic equipment, which based on high-voltage and micro-current detection principle. The system takes STM32F103 processor as the core and combines with ADS1240, grating scale, high-voltage module and servo motor realized the functions of data collection, storage and transmission. In addition, the system has host computer to complete the control of the speed and direction of servo motor, and the display and storage of test data. The test shows that the system can accomplish the electrical conductivity measurement and meet the requirements of the design.
Key word：
ice cores
conductivity measurement
servo motor
grating scale
STM32
View(9876)

Measurement Control Technology and Instruments

Design and implementation of sixteen channel EEG acquisition system

DOI：10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.166953

Author：Ye Zhixiong1，2，Luo Jinhong3，Mi Chao1，2，Zou Ling1,2

Author Affilications：1.Faculty of Information Science & Engineering，Changzhou University，Changzhou 213164，China； 2.Changzhou Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Technology，Changzhou 213164，China； 3.Changzhou College of Information Technology，Changzhou 213164，China

Abstract：In this paper, a 16-channel EEG acquisition system was designed regarding present problems of high cost and not portable. The system was with optimized power supply and could be powered by battery. Multiple analog front ends were cascaded in order to design multi-channel EEG acquisition system. Required channels were selected according to chip selecting signal and thus, each channel could be configured in a dynamic and personalized manner. EEG signals were sent to the host computer through the high-speed wireless module. In order to test system performance, EEG signals of five subjects from spontaneous state and steady-state visual evoked experiment were collected and analyzed. Obvious alpha rhythm appeared during eyes-closed in spontaneous EEG signals. Peak values appeared at the corresponding stimulating frequency and harmonics in steady-state visual evoked experiment. The results show that the acquisition system could accurately collect spontaneous EEG signals and evoked EEG signals. The system could be used in applications of brain computer interface，and it has certain theoretical and practical value.
Key word：
EEG acquisition
cascade
spontaneous EEG signals
evoked EEG signals
View(17938)

ECHO peak features acoustic thermometry and measurement system of DSP+FPGA

DOI：10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.167007

Author：Xu Guangyu1，Xiong Qingyu1，2，Jia Ruixi1，Zhang Rui1

Author Affilications：1.School of Automation，Chongqing University，Chongqing 400044，China； 2.School of Software Engineering，Chongqing University，Chongqing 400044，China

Abstract：Acoustic thermometry system requirement is high-accuracy, real-time and anti-interference performance. This paper presents a echo peak features acoustic thermometry method, and builds a acoustic thermometry system based on DSP and FPGA. We use high-speed analog-digital conversion chip for peripheral, FPGA cached data and DSP as the core of operation. This system measures the time of sonic flight accurately. Experiments show that the system can accurately track the temperature change of the medium with reference to the thermometer. Compared with the threshold method and the cross correlation method, this algorithm adapts to the embedded system, and has the advantages of fast operation and anti-interference.
Key word：
acoustic thermometry
time-of-flight
peak features
DSP
FPGA
View(20558)

Dual redundant method and system for PLC based on MAC

DOI：10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.179001

Author：Zhao Dezheng，Huang Bing，Feng Dajun，Zhang Xiaoli，Xu Yifeng

Author Affilications：National Computer System Engineering Research Institute of China，Beijing 100083，China

Abstract：One dual redundant system for PLC based on MAC is presented to cope the defective or inadequate of current dual redundancy method. The presented PLC dual redundant system is comprised of two identical PLC controllers, each with specialized MAC as the data transceiver for redundancy communication. The proposed dual redundant system avoids strict requirements of having independent and specialized redundancy communication module in the high reliability PLC dual redundancy system. The corresponding dual redundancy system directly uses MAC as the data transceiver of redundancy communication without upper-layer Ethernet protocol stack, which can reduce the building costs for redundant system, improve the real-time ability of redundancy communication, and enhance the flexibility of the redundant system.
Key word：
PLC
dual redundancy
MAC
state machine
View(7672)

Research on the design method of GIS mobile data collection terminal

DOI：10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.170014

Author：Lin Yongfeng1，Wang Ying2，Chen Liang1

Author Affilications：1.The Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Tianjin Electric Power Company，Tianjin 300384，China； 2.Tianjin Streetlights Management Office，Tianjin 300151，China

Abstract：According to the demand of power grid data acquisition, this paper designs an integrated acquisition terminal equipment with high accuracy and efficiency, which can automatically accomplish data processing, matching and checking. The device can standard data source, acquisition process and collection result processing，remove the business processing link of power GIS service, and reduce the difficulty of obtaining GIS data in power grid. Meanwhile, on the minimum permission principle, this paper makes the terminal information security guarantee involving hardware, software and transmission channel, which can ensure the key grid infrastructure map data, the field collected coordinate data, the photo data and basic ledger data safe. Besides, it can effectively reduce the leakage risk of mobile terminal sensitive data，and guarantee the integrity, accuracy and timeliness of grid GIS data acquisition.
Key word：
GIS data
mobile terminal
data acquisition
information safety
View(8098)

The research of flip-flop fault injection method based on partition test

DOI：10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.170808

Author：Wang Peng1，Zhang Daoyang1，2，Lu Hao1，Xue Qiannan1

Author Affilications：1.Tianjin Key Laboratory for Civil Aircraft Airworthiness and Maintenance，Civil Aviation University of China， Tianjin 300300，China； 2.College of Safety Science & Engineering，Civil Aviation University of China，Tianjin 300300，China

Abstract：With the increasingly important trend on fault injection of single event upset for SRAM-based FPGAs in aircraft, a method of flip-flop fault injection based on partition test was proposed. According to the structural characteristics of the FPGA configuration frame, partition test is done, the sensitive bits of the configuration memory are analyzed，and the most sensitive area of the FPGA configuration frame is found. This paper designs a test system of fault injection based on dynamic reconfiguration, and verifies it by experiments. The test results show that this method has good accuracy and can greatly improve the efficiency of the flip-flop fault injection test.
Key word：
partition test
fault injection
FPGA
flip-flop fault
View(8574)

Detection system of pulse blood oxygen saturation based on AFE4490

DOI：10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.170022

Author：Gan Yongjin1，2，Gan Guomei1，Jiang Qubo2，Ning Weilian1，Hu Lianghong1

Author Affilications：1.School of Electronics and Communication Engineering，Yulin Normal University，Yulin 537000，China； 2.School of Electronic Engineering and Automation，Guilin University of Electronic Technology，Guilin 541004，China

Abstract：Because transmission pulse oximeter′s detection range is limited, combining ultra-low power 430 single chip with analog front end AFE4490 to measure PPG, reflective probe module based on reflection measurement principle is designed. MSP430 controls AFE4490 to fulfill dual wavelength LED′s function timing data acquisition and amplify and filter, then some digital signal processing method is used for signal de-noising. Experiments show that the reflectance oxygen saturation detecting system can monitoring pulse effectively，and the error is within 3%.
Key word：
pulse wave
analog front end
digital signal processing
reflected blood oxygen
View(24682)

Communication and Network

Analysis and verification of EtherCAT slave controller communication link based on FPGA

DOI：10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.179002

Author：Ma Baoquan1，2，Yao Wangjun1，2，Liu Yunlong1，2，Zhang Xiaoli1，2，Huang Bing1，2，Zhao Dezheng1，2

Author Affilications：1.National Engineering Laboratory for Industry Control System Information Security Technology，Beijing 100083，China； 2.National Computer System Engineering Research Institute of China，Beijing 100083，China

Abstract：EtherCAT is one of the widely used field bus for industrial control field. ESC(EtherCAT Slave Controller) is the critical part for communication protocol implementation, and autonomous and controllable design of ESC chip is the essential basis for domestic development of industrial control system. Based on the EtherCAT communications protocol and the basic communication function logic, the FPGA state machine of the EBUS encoding/decoding, Auto-forwarder, and Loop- back function module are designed, and the data states of each stage are analyzed for verifing the communications data of each stage. The results show that implementation of EtherCAT basic communication link is completely feasible based on the FPGA state machine.
Key word：
EtherCAT
fieldbus
FPGA
ESC
slave module
EBUS
View(21124)

A scheme based on comprehensive trust to defend against SSDF attack in spectrum situation fusion

DOI：10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.166392

Author：Li Fangwei，Li Junyao，Zhu Jiang，Liu Yali

Author Affilications：Chongqing Key Lab of Mobile Communications Technology，Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications， Chongqing 400065，China

Abstract：In distributed cognitive radio networks, a common fusion center is always not available to collect the users′ information. In order to cope with the spectrum sensing data falsification(SSDF) attack lunched by malicious users in the process of spectrum sensing, a spectrum situation fusion algorithm based on comprehensive trust is proposed. The algorithm calculates the instantaneous trust by evaluating the satisfaction of each interaction between secondary users. With consistency test, each node accumulates and updates the long-term trust of every adjacent secondary users. Integrating the instantaneous trust and the long-term trust, the dynamic comprehensive trust is gotten as the main reference for the reliability of interaction data to eliminate the effects of malicious users. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the proposed scheme is superior to the traditional cooperative spectrum sensing algorithm on the convergence and stability, and is robust in resisting collusion attack. It can significantly improve the spectrum detection accuracy.
Key word：
distributed cognitive radio networks
spectrum sensing
SSDF attack
comprehensive trust
View(8608)

Research on maximum energy efficiency in MIMO Massive system

DOI：10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.166229

Author：Wu Junqing，Peng Bin

Author Affilications：School of Information Engineering，Jiangxi University of Science and Technology，Ganzhou 341000，China

Abstract：Massive MIMO,is known as large-scale antenna system which is the key technology in future mobile communication physical layer,and brings huge improvements in spectral efficiency and energy efficiency by using a large excess of antennas of base station(BS). This paper maximizes the energy efficiency by deploying the appropriate number of users K, the optimal base station antenna number M and the transmit power in the cell. It considers jointly the uplink and downlink with zero-forcing(ZF) processing schemes at the base station and with a typical MIMO power consumption model that reveal how the above parameters affects the energy efficiency. The simulation result shows that the transmit power increase with the number of antennas can not only enable the system to serve more users but help to improve the energy efficiency.
Key word：
Massive MIMO
zero-forcing
energy efficiency
power model
View(13552)

Joint channel estimation and SC-FDE receiver based on stretch factor graph

DOI：10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.166617

Author：Yuan Zhengdao1，2，Wang Zhongyong3，Zhang Chuanzong3，Wu Sheng4

Author Affilications：1.Institute of Information Engineering，PLA Information Engineering University，Zhengzhou 450001，China； 2.School of Information Engineering，Henan Radio & TV University，Zhengzhou 450008，China； 3.School of Information Engineering，Zhengzhou University，Zhengzhou 450001，China； 4.Tsinghua Space Center，Tsinghua University，Beijing 100084，China

Abstract：Based on message passing algorithm，a joint channel estimation and decoding receiver for single carrier with frequency equalization(SC-FDE) system has been proposed in this paper. Solving the contradiction of complexity and performance in state-of-the-art receivers, this work exploits the stretch method to decompose the observation node into several simple factor nodes while keeping its original function. Then，different message passing algorithms are adopted to handle factor nodes according to their respective characteristic. Compare to the referred receivers, the proposed message-passing-based receiver not only improves the performance, but also reduces the complexity significantly.
Key word：
message passing algorithm
SC-FDE receiver
joint channel estimation receiver
factor graph stretch
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Computer Technology and Its Applications

Image retrieval based on texton autocorrelograms and structure element histogram

DOI：10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.165978

Author：Liu Fanghui，Guo Hui，Zhang Pei，Zhou Shaoping

Author Affilications：School of Mechanical and Power Engineering，East China University of Science and Technology，Shanghai 200237，China

Abstract：In view of the present primitive texton autocorrelograms in expression image color feature spatial correlation is not strong, based on single feature retrieval problem of low accuracy, this paper proposes an improved retrieval method based on the texton autocorrelograms and structure element histogram image. Firstly, the color image is quantized to 63 colors nonuniformly, and the image is evenly partitioned, the sub-block color representative value is used to replace the color value of each pixel in the sub-block. Then, the information of each sub-block is statistically calculated by using the primitives and the structural element, and the texton autocorrelograms and structural element histogram of the image are extracted. Finally, the similarity measure is extracted from the two extracted features. The experimental results show that compared with color autocorrelograms and two other image retrieval methods, the algorithm effectively improves the precision of retrieval rate, it has improved the search results sorted value and have good stability.
Key word：
image retrieval
texton autocorrelograms
structure element histogram
color represents values
similarity
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An optimal routing generation method for MANET based on genetic algorithm

DOI：10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.166557

Author：Li Mei1，Wu Haiyan2，Xi Jianqing3，Cai Jianxuan1

Author Affilications：1．Network Center，Guangdong AIB Polytechnic，Guangzhou 510507，China； 2.Department of Public Security technology，Railway Police College，Zhengzhou 450000，China； 3．School of Software Engineering，South China University of Technology，Guangzhou 510006，China

Abstract：For solving the dynamic load balancing problem of mobile ad hoc network，an optimal routing generation method based on genetic algorithm is proposed. First, it takes the collection of nodes in mobile ad hoc network as a population, each node as a gene, and nodes permutation and combination as a chromosome. Then, it builds the fitness function of genetic algorithm according to the energy and distance of nodes, to solve the dynamic load balancing problem of mobile ad hoc network by combining with memory-enhancer and elite migration mechanism. Finally，it finds the optimal routing through selection, crossover and mutation operations. Experimental results show that the method can significantly increase network throughput on the premise of high packet delivery rate and low average end-to-end delay.
Key word：
routing protocols
genetic algorithm
mobile ad hoc network
undirected graph
topology
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Speech emotion recognition based on decision fusion of KELM

DOI：10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.165055

Author：Zhang Xueying，Zhang Le，Sun Ying，Zhang Wei

Author Affilications：College of Information Engineering，Taiyuan University of Technology，Taiyuan 030024，China

Abstract：In order to overcome the limitation of single classifier recognition and the complexity of emotional speech signal, a decision fusion method based on Extreme Learning Machine with Kernel(KELM) is proposed for speech emotion recognition. Firstly, KELMs are built separtely by different features extracted from speech signal, while the outputs are transformed from numeric outputs into probability output. Then the confusion matrix of each classifier based on the test set is calculated ,which is used to calculate the dynamic adaptive weight of the base classifiers.Finally the proposed method gets the ultimate classification result by linear weighted method. The fusion KELM is used to recognize four kinds of emotional speech in Berlin speech database,experimental results show that the fusion KELM is superior to single classifier and multi classifier fusion method. It has improved the performance of the speech emotion recognition system effectively.
Key word：
speech emotion recognition
extreme learning machine with kernel
decision strategy
confusion matrix
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An image classification method by combining with improved edit distance and SVM

DOI：10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.166473

Author：Wei Yanming1，Tian Jianli2，Guo Rongxing3

Author Affilications：1.School of Computer Engineering，Henan Institute of Economics and Trade，Zhengzhou 450018，China； 2.School of Information Engineering，Huanghe S&T University，Zhengzhou 450019，China； 3.School of Electronics and Communication Engineering，Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics，Zhengzhou 450018，China

Abstract：An image classification method is presented, which combines with strings representation of multi-scale images, improved edit distance and SVM classifier for image classification. First, it divides an image into several multi-scale blocks, extracts normalized histogram of oriented gradient on each image block to generate multi-scale feature vectors, and uses strings to represent these feature vectors. Then, it proposes a fusion edit operator and improves the edit distance computation between two strings, for measuring the similarity between two images by computing the improved distance between two sets of strings corresponding to two images. Finally, it uses the improved edit distance to compute radial basis function, for executing improved SVM classification. Experimental results show that, this method has high accuracy rate and low average time-consuming of classification.
Key word：
image classification
support vector machines
histogram of oriented gradient
radial basis function
multi-scale
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Power Supply Technology and Its Application

Analog-circuit implemented DQ transform controller in single-phase PWM rectifier

DOI：10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.166103

Author：Liu Wei，Lu Weiguo

Author Affilications：State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipments & System Security and New Technology， Electrical Engineering College of Chongqing University，Chongqing 400044，China

Abstract：Coordinate transformation is usually introduced to realize de-coupled control of active and reactive power and simplify the controller design for controlled PWM rectifier. For this reason, an analog all-pass filter circuit to realize coordinate transformation is prosed in this paper. Furthermore, a double-loop control structure based on virtual DQ transformation which is realized by the aforementioned all-pass filter is further given. Then, the controller parameter is designed explicitly based on the analysis of system model and analog control circuit of the system is built. Finally, the relevant experiment results show the validation of the coordinate transform circuit and the accuracy of control parameters selection.
Key word：
PWM rectifier
coordinate transformation
all-pass filter
double-loop control
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Study on maximum power point of sliding mode control photo-voltaic array

DOI：10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.165888

Author：Sun Changxu，Wu Kongping，Lu Qingmei

Author Affilications：Institute of Electrical and Information Engineering，Anhui University of Science and Technology，Huainan 232001，China

Abstract：The maximum power point tracking(MPPT) in photovaltaic(PV) array is based on sliding mode control, but it has the disadvantages of complex structure and slow response. Based on this, a method of maximum power point tracking combined the disturbance observation with the sliding control is proposed.In this scheme, this method needs a straight sliding-line and some adjustments on its location until a PV characteristic curve and this sliding line cross each other at the maximum power point(MPP). The switching pattern of the boost converter is directly influenced by this straight line so that the PV operating point is compelled to move along an instant PV curve and onto the sliding line.Thereby the PV array will generate the maximum power.The experimental results show that the proposed method has the advantages of simple structure and fast tracking of the maximum power compared with the conventional control.
Key word：
photovaltaic array
MPPT
sliding mode control
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A novel method of detecting harmonic currents used DEMD algorithm

DOI：10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.166011

Author：Wu Yan，Ma Bifang，Li Liyao，Chen Guoqin

Author Affilications：School of Electrical and Information Engineering，Fuqing Branch of Fujian Normal University，Fuqing 350300，China

Abstract：In order to accurately monitor power harmonic,derivative-optimized empirical mode decomposition(DEMD) which the harmonic current detection based on was proposed. The method can accurately and effectively capture the nonlinear and unstable harmonic components in the signal,in which the current signal was decomposed in terms of intrinsic mode functions(IMF). The method using the first derivatives at the two end-points as parameters of the Hermite polynomial is obtained the upper and lower envelopes, in order to solve the end effect. The simulation experiments were made based on the method. The results of the experiments show that the method detect harmonic current effectively and accurately ,and the correlation coefficient(CORR) between the two trends is 0.998, and the relative root mean square error(RRMSE) is only 0.0191. This algorithm can resolve the current signal into fundamental component and harmonic component accurately,and the delay-time of nonstationary signals tracked and detected by the algorithm is only 4 μs,the method can meet the needs of active power filter(APF).
Key word：
derivative-optimized empirical mode decomposition(DEMD) algorithm
harmonic current detecting method
active power filters(APFs)
power systems
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Analysis and design of a single-switch multi-output LED driver

DOI：10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.166329

Author：Wei Xiaoqun，Chang Tianhai

Author Affilications：School of Electronic and Information Engineering，South China University of Technology，Guangzhou 510640，China

Abstract：In view of the complicated structure and control logic of the multichannel LED current-balancing technology, a single-switch multi-output LED driver based on resonant capacitor is proposed. Compared with conventional passive and active balancing methods, the proposed driver only uses one active switch and one inductor or magnetic component, and can drive odd or even channels’ LED load, thus it benefits from small volume, low cost and high performance. Moreover, the control circuit and control logic are simple, because the drive circuit can achieve current balance of each channel by only controlling the current of a branch. In this paper, the principle of the driving circuit is analyzed, and the theoretical results are verified by the PSIM simulation software and the experimental prototype.
Key word：
current-balancing technology
resonant capacitor
single switch
LED driver
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A novel control method for parallel inverters in parallel connection

DOI：10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.165516

Author：Li Fansen1，Cao Taiqiang1，2，Chen Xiandong1，Hu Peng3

Author Affilications：1.Schoole of Electric Information，Xihua University，Chengdu 610039，China； 2.Key Laboratory of Fluid and Power Machinery(Xihua University)，Ministy of Education，Chengdu 610039，China； 3.Chengdu MOLO Electric Ltd，Chengdu 610500，China

Abstract：In parallel system, the output voltage amplitude, frequency or phase of the inverter will have a small difference in the output voltage, which can cause the system to be unable to work properly. In this paper, the control principle of three-phase VSG is cited, and the average current control method of single phase inverter parallel system is analyzed. The governing performance of the synchronous generator is simulated by using the equation of the rotor of the synchronous generator, and the coupling relationship between the reactive power and the line impedance is eliminated. After the virtual impedance is added, the system presents an approximate sensitivity and reduces the influence of the line impedance on the whole system. The simulation results show that the circulation of the parallel system is effectively restrained, and the output current harmonic content is 0.8%, and the frequency of the system can be stable at 50 Hz, which is stable at around 0.008 A. The control method based on VSG can provide frequency, phase and voltage support for the output voltage of single phase parallel inverter system.
Key word：
virtual synchronous generator
single phase inverter
parallel
circulation
virtual impedance
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Design of a control power supply for piezoelectric objective based on H bridge

DOI：10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.165755

Author：Huang Shiling1，2，Chen Hua1，Lin Guangsheng1

Author Affilications：1.School of Computer，Electronics and Information，Guangxi University，Nanning 530004，China； 2.School of Mechanical and Electrical，Quality Technology Engineering，Nanning University，Nanning 530004，China

Abstract：The study examined a applied to piezoelectric ceramic drive of the objective of digital confocal microscopy system control power, driven by high pressure bridge op-amp circuit small power triode way H bridge output, improved the traditional drive power supply in small signal drive current is small, the output of the driving capacitive load response speed slow and so on. We design a flow pressure protection circuit, to monitor the output current voltage, set by microcontroller to protect critical point, improves the stability and reliability of control power. Made a experimental circuit test scheme, this paper through the experimental test of the piezoelectric ceramic drive control of the objective power all the indexes meet the design requirements.
Key word：
piezoelectric ceramic
control power
digital confocal
bridge op-amp
low ripple
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